Europe's dependence on imported soy is one of the most acute and underacknowledged vulnerabilities in its food system. Drawing on quantitative modelling, qualitative analysis and expert reviews from researchers and policymakers, this report quantifies how four complementary protein diversification strategies could reduce EU soy imports by 20% by 2035 — and shows why only the balanced approach delivers, taking into account feasibility, wider food system impacts and Member State complementarity . It translates these findings into concrete recommendations across key EU policy files, including the EU's Comprehensive Protein Plan, post-2027 CAP, CMO, European Competitiveness Fund, and Public Procurement Directive.

This report by Systemiq for The Protein Project investigates the potential of classical, biomass and precision fermentation technologies for food and feed. It quantitatively assesses whether a growing fermentation sector could improve environmental outcomes by 2040 (through reduced GHG emissions, land use and water use) and qualitatively assembles case studies showing how farmers and consumers interact with fermentation in practice.